Meandering Pattern 433 MHz Antennas for Ingestible Capsules

A number of design challenges are associated with in-body devices, especially ingestible capsules, including selection operation frequency and antenna design. Operation frequency, miniaturization, gain, interference the environment internal components capsules all challenging factors. In this work, we measure performance miniature antennas that can be included in capsules. The meandering pattern designs implemented a 433 MHz center which is within one industrial, scientific medical (ISM) bands. patterns rolled into cylinders to reflect their configuration inside capsule. effects different features, environmental dielectric changes, battery locations relative traces explored. We show optimized offer acceptable even when shifts due modulation constant media by insertion batteries. Both simulations measurements provide insight how should designed for desired expanded other implantable systems.